| SYS | | 0325529 |
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| LBL | | -----naa--22--------450- |
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| 005 | | 20240119002108.7 |
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| 014 | | $a 001113781600001 $2 CCC |
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| 014 | | $a 001113781600001 $2 WOS CC. SCIE |
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| 014 | | $a 2-s2.0-85178155385 $2 SCOPUS |
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| 017 | 70 | $a 10.3390/w15223946 $2 DOI |
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| 035 | | $a biblio/1122640 $2 CREPC2 |
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| 100 | | $a 20240108d2023 m y slo 03 ba |
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| 101 | 0- | $a eng |
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| 102 | | $a CH |
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| 200 | 1- | $a Direct detection of groundwater accumulation zones in saprock aquifers in tectono-thermal environments $f Anthony E. Akpan ... [et al.] |
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| 330 | | $a VES data acquired in tectono-thermally disturbed environments sometimes contain outliers when plotted on a bi-logarithmic graph. These noisy datasets usually distort the discernible trend of the VES curve, by plotting abnormally above or below its dominant trend at the point of their occurrence. This type of distortion is different from those arising from other causes such as galvanic and static distortions, which usually affect a segment of a curve without changing the curve’s trend. Allowing these unusual points to remain within the datasets during the data processing and modelling phases always produces unsatisfactory results because their presence usually causes the root-mean-square error to exceed the preset acceptable limit. Consequently, such data points are usually deleted to recover the trend of the curve and generate interpretable models during the traditional curve-smoothening (data processing) phase. This study has shown that these unusual data points are indicative of groundwater accumulation zones in porous medium and can also estimate likely borehole productivities in tectono-thermally disturbed environments. A single-point drop signifies a low-yielding fracture characterized by small apertures. The groundwater yield from this group of fractures can barely support the daily domestic water needs of some families. However, VES curves where two or more points break away from the trend of the curve indicate high-yielding fractures or nonconformities, provided that the resistivity value of the first break-point is lower than those of subsequent ones. The productivity level of this category of fractures is high enough to support the water needs of families. The apparent resistivities of these saturated fractures usually vary between 40 and 500 Wm, depending on the nature of the host rock. These qualitative interpretations have been confirmed by drilling and Water 2023, 15, 3946 17 of 21 pumping test results. Depths to these water-filled fractures, though location-dependent, typically vary between 40 and 100 m in the study area. These saturated fractures are common in locations with high lineament density. Optimal data-quality-management practices—including determining the sensitivity level of the equipment, repeating the measuring process, and changing the potential electrode positions and, where possible, the VES profile orientation—must be implemented to confirm the integrity and subterranean nature of the break-off points. |
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| 463 | -1 | $1 001 umb_un_cat*0325933 $1 011 $a 2073-4441 $1 200 1 $a Water $v Vol. 15, no 22 (2023), pp. 1-21 $1 210 $a Basel $c Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute $d 2023 |
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| 606 | 0- | $3 umb_un_auth*0050354 $a podzemné vody |
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| 606 | 0- | $3 umb_un_auth*0235991 $a podzemné termálne vody |
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| 606 | 0- | $3 umb_un_auth*0302514 $a saprockové vodonosné vrstvy $X saprock aquifers |
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| 608 | | $3 umb_un_auth*0273282 $a články $X journal articles |
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| 700 | -1 | $3 umb_un_auth*0292178 $a Akpan $b Anthony E. $4 070 $9 20 |
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| 701 | -1 | $3 umb_un_auth*0292177 $a Ekwok $b Stephen Eguba $4 070 $9 10 |
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| 701 | -1 | $3 umb_un_auth*0295701 $a Ben $b Ubong Camilus $4 070 $9 5 |
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| 701 | -1 | $3 umb_un_auth*0302515 $a Ebong $b Ebong Dickson $4 070 $9 5 |
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| 701 | -1 | $3 umb_un_auth*0302516 $a Thomas $b Jewel Emem $4 070 $9 5 |
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| 701 | -1 | $3 umb_un_auth*0302517 $a Ekanem $b Aniekam Martin $4 070 $9 5 |
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| 701 | -1 | $3 umb_un_auth*0302518 $a George $b Nyaknno J. $4 070 $9 5 |
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| 701 | -1 | $3 umb_un_auth*0290968 $a Abdelrahman $b Kamal $4 070 $9 5 |
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| 701 | -1 | $3 umb_un_auth*0292209 $a Fnais $b Mohammed S. $4 070 $9 5 |
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| 701 | -1 | $3 umb_un_auth*0290966 $a Eldosouky $b Ahmed M. $4 070 $9 5 |
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| 701 | -1 | $3 umb_un_auth*0120546 $a Andráš $b Peter $p UMBFP01 $4 070 $9 20 $f 1953- $T Katedra geografie a geológie |
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| 701 | -1 | $3 umb_un_auth*0302519 $a Alarifi $b Saad S. $4 070 $9 10 |
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| 801 | | $a SK $b BB301 $g AACR2 $9 unimarc sk |
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| 856 | | $u https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/22/3946 $a Link na plný text |
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| T85 | | $x existuji fulltexy |
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